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The US uses a progressive tax bracket system. Your taxable income (salary minus standard deduction and pre-tax deductions) is taxed at increasing rates as it falls into higher brackets. For example in 2026, the first $11,925 of taxable income for single filers is taxed at 10%, the next portion at 12%, and so on up to 37%.

For tax year 2026: Single filers get a $15,700 standard deduction; Married Filing Jointly get $31,400; Head of Household get $23,550. These amounts reduce your taxable income before calculating federal income tax.

FICA (Federal Insurance Contributions Act) taxes fund Social Security and Medicare. Employees pay 6.2% for Social Security (on wages up to $176,100 in 2026) and 1.45% for Medicare. An additional 0.9% Medicare surtax applies to wages over $200,000 for single filers.